沼氣是一種理想的清潔能源，應(yīng)用途經(jīng)廣泛，但不同的利用方式對(duì)沼氣的品質(zhì)要求不同，沼氣的主要利用途徑及其品質(zhì)要求如下：
Biogas is an ideal clean energy source with a wide range of applications, but different utilization methods have different requirements for the quality of biogas. The main utilization methods and quality requirements of biogas are as follows:
燃燒供熱。這是發(fā)展中國(guó)家常見(jiàn)的沼氣利用形式，如我國(guó)普遍采用的農(nóng)村戶用式沼氣池，它們一般用于提供炊事和照明燃料。農(nóng)村戶用式沼氣池工程技術(shù)簡(jiǎn)單，投資小見(jiàn)效快，沼氣一般只需進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的脫硫和脫水處理。
Combustion heating. This is a common form of biogas utilization in developing countries, such as the commonly used rural household biogas digesters in China, which are generally used to provide cooking and lighting fuel. The technology of rural household biogas digesters is simple, with small investment and quick results. Generally, biogas only needs to undergo simple desulfurization and dehydration treatment.
沼氣發(fā)電機(jī)熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)。這是大中型沼氣工程普遍采用的沼氣利用方式。為避免沼氣中雜質(zhì)對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的不良影響，沼氣需進(jìn)行脫水和脫除硫化物鹵代烴硅氧烷等雜質(zhì)氣體的處理。

Biogas generator cogeneration. This is a commonly used biogas utilization method in large and medium-sized biogas projects. To avoid the adverse effects of impurities in biogas on the engine, biogas needs to be dehydrated and treated to remove impurities such as sulfides, halogenated hydrocarbons, and siloxanes.
沼氣燃料電池。沼氣發(fā)電的電效率一般低于35%且單位投資相對(duì)較高，而用于燃料電池的電效率可達(dá)到40%~60%。沼氣用于燃料電池需要分離CO2，去除H2S鹵素和CO等痕量氣體。
Biogas fuel cells. The electricity efficiency of biogas power generation is generally lower than 35% and the unit investment is relatively high, while the electricity efficiency used for fuel cells can reach 40%~60%. The use of biogas in fuel cells requires the separation of CO2 and the removal of trace gases such as H2S, halogens, and CO.
沼氣純化后用管道天然氣和用作汽車燃料。該利用方式對(duì)沼氣品質(zhì)要求很高，沼氣不僅要脫水，去除雜質(zhì)氣體，還要去除CO2以得到高品質(zhì)的生物甲烷。
After purification, biogas is used as pipeline natural gas and as car fuel. This utilization method requires high quality of biogas, which not only requires dehydration and removal of impurities, but also removes CO2 to obtain high-quality biomethane.
沼氣用作化工生產(chǎn)原料。用來(lái)制造氫氣和炭黑，并可進(jìn)一步制成乙炔汽油酒精人造纖維和人造皮革等各種化工產(chǎn)品。
Biogas is used as a raw material for chemical production. It is used to produce hydrogen and carbon black, and can further be made into various chemical products such as acetylene, gasoline, alcohol, artificial fibers, and artificial leather.
三沼氣凈化與提純工藝匯總
Summary of Three Biogas Purification and Purification Processes
沼氣凈化一般是去除沼氣中微量的有害組分，如沼氣脫硫脫氧干燥技術(shù)等。沼氣提純是去除沼氣中的二氧化碳，以提高燃?xì)獾倪m用性和熱值。經(jīng)過(guò)凈化提純得到的生物天然氣，通常含有95%~97%的甲烷和1%~3%的二氧化碳，可以作為替代天然氣使用。
Biogas purification generally involves removing trace harmful components from biogas, such as biogas desulfurization and deoxygenation drying technology. Biogas purification is the removal of carbon dioxide from biogas to improve its applicability and calorific value. Bionatural gas obtained through purification usually contains 95% to 97% methane and 1% to 3% carbon dioxide, which can be used as a substitute for natural gas.
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